Online Therapy Paper Essay Example for Free

Online Therapy Paper EssayThis paper is related to an online therapy. This paper consists of the elements and contents of the information that is erect on any online therapy web spot along with the information of the professionals that are entangled in that therapy. The paper in addition outlines the panache in which most of the communication relating online therapy. The paper go forth in addition highlight the policies and regulations that pull up stakes fundamentals to attract an online therapy. The paper likewise comprehends the state regulation authority to observe and scrutinize online therapy. The paper will also present the information relative to the ethical and certification issues like confidentiality along with informed consent. The paper will end up with a small discussion regarding the benefits and risks of the online therapy. The first selected website of online therapy that retrieved was www.lzcybershrink.com where the services are advertised by Elizabet h Zelvin. Elizabeth Zelvin is acknowledged as a licensed clinical social worker along with a psycho healer. any services are provided by the single person that is her. Ms. Zelvin as retrieved from her biography holds 20 years of envision and was involved in a private service in New York State. Ms. Zelvin handled communication relating online therapy through tax write-off of a chat room ringting. This chat room provides opportunity to clients to arrange a schedule of sermon and appointment with Ms. Zelvin before actual arrival through employing email. The professional involved provide a give-and-take for her patients and start conversation through signing in at same time through online setting. The embody is offered based on hour, hour and email exchange. The cost of a 30 minute chat is set at $65 date a 60 min chat is priced at $100 eyepatch a single email exchange costs $45. The service accepts most of the online payment systems and reference book cards moreover the pa yment have to be done before the actual schedule of therapy. The website also shows advertisements regarding the books and songs she has scripted along with the poetry. The website is whole relating the promotion content of the Ms. Zelvin. (Zelvin, 2009) The other website that was retrieved as an online therapy website is www.live-counselor.com. This website provides services of online therapy employing a chat room for communication purposes.The website involves 200 different professionals that are therapists, counselors, along with some(a) social workers avail fit. The website consists of live counselors who provide a mediating service to make connections of the clients with therequired therapist, counselors and the social workers. The site provides support with addictions, coping with crisis or physical conditions, ingest disorders, parenting, personal development, personality and emotional disorders, and relationship issues. The service provided is charged per minute. The rates range from $1to $1.89. Registration of quotation card is done before starting of conversation. Live-counselor is just a moderator and has non required setting appointments thus far the clients may sign-in anytime their service provider is available. The profile of professionals shows a mark on them while they are online. The site does not have any other content besides service providers biographies, disclaimers in regard to not taking responsibility for anything that occurs on the website, and the billing process. (Live-Counselor, 2009) The third website relating an online therapy was retrieved from www.serenityonlinetherapy.com.The website provides the information regarding the therapy via email or a chat-room set-up. The website centralizes on a single service provider that is Carl Benedict, a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in the State of Maryland. He got the experience of 12 years as therapist and provides services in mental health clinic along with a hospita l. Mr. Benedict counts for a three years experience in online therapy. The price of chat is charged as $50 for 60 minute chat along with a discount offered as a package for the clients of online therapy. Many categories of articles are uploaded by Mr. Benedict regarding various issues clients cleverness be experiencing like as, depression, childhood trauma, addiction, parenting, grief and loss, and duel diagnosis. The website also shows some inspirational poems along with some sayings to motivate the clients by Mr. Benedict. (Benedict, 2009) All states in the US, except California, license professional counselors. The state counselor licensure boards circularize the application processes and procedures that have been established by law in each state.The National Board for informed Counselors (NBCC) website lists the contact information for each states, except California, Board of Mental Health Practice. The website empowers and enables clients the ability to check the documentat ion of professionals who are offering online therapy and make an informed decision of whether or not to hire that particular professional. (NBCC, 2009) For the causality of advancement in technology and science there do arise some ethical and security issues. It is depicted that online therapy give rise to issueslike security, which concerned that either online therapy is safe and effective, either there is retrieve that clients provide true information relative to the consent, along with the confirmation of clients and professionals as real who are involved in communication process while in chat rooms. All three websites retrieved for this paper provide disclaimers on them to make clients and professionals on safe side while online therapy like If you have serious thoughts of pain in the neck yourself or others, dial 911 or if you have a chronic mental illness requiring intense interference online therapy is not an option for you(Benedict, 2009). The three websites visited all use chat room settings for communication purposes.A word is provided to the client who registers himself by making payments through credit card. That specific password is then used by the client whenever he wants to sign in not only in chat room but also for the therapy session. The client has no way of knowing what type of security software or measures the online therapist is using to protect their personal information. Nothing guarantees that the client is who he or she claims in a traditional setting the client and the therapist know who is present. Online therapy present some barriers regarding the options of making payment and the client is also going through a risk to pay for an online therapy session. All three websites involve a credit card payment which provides risks to clients in monetary value of leaking of their credit card and personal information because of providing information online. On other hand in physical setting the credit card is only swiped or the payments buttocks be done through cash and cheques.The client holds every control regarding his personal information while in a physical office or clinical setting along with having every achievable payment option for making payments. Some of the ethical issues also arise because of the technology advancements, like as is it ethical to provide online therapy when there no guarantees that the client and therapist say he or she is. In an office setting at least the client and the therapist sack up use ids to ensure identity. Online therapy does not require medical records how is the therapist supposes to know the physical and mental health of a client? The therapist has to rely on self-disclosure which is taking a big risk on the therapists behalf. How can a therapist tell if the client is fully participating in therapy? In a traditional setting the therapist can rely on body language which is how most human communication is made. This part of account statement presents some risks that are involved while involving oneself in online therapy.A traditional therapy session allows for a therapist to get a full picture of the clients well-being by having access to medical records and being able to read a clients body language. Another uncomfortable element with online therapy is because clients likes to know who is helping him, what he or she looks like for security reasons, and the inability to read body language is upsetting. Some benefits that are derived from online therapy in terms of clients are discussed in this part. An example of advantage is anonymity this helps those clients who face some social difficulties in a traditional therapy setting and hence can find it advantageous to be in their comfort regularize while at their own home. Clients having difficulties to approach a regular and dependable transportation can be benefited by the online therapy. This technology also facilitated those clients who lack the presence of any local therapist and thus can get the opportunity to find someone online for that help and assistance.Online therapy is an alternative for clients and is the clients choice to decide what works trounce for him or her. After going through an in-depth study of the online therapy it is recommended that the client has to measure the both sides of the online therapy before decision making for himself what to implement. Individual needs vary from person to person so we cannot say what work best for whom. It is also depicted that the technology on one side is exciting as well as controversial at the same time.ReferencesBenedict, C. (2009). Services. Retrieved from http//www.serenityonlinetherapy.com Live-Counselor. (2009). Services. Retrieved from http//www.live-counselor.com The National Board for Certified Counselors(NBCC) . (2009). Retrieved from http//www.nbcc.org.Zelvin, E. (2009). Elizabeth Zelvin. Retrieved from http//www.lzcybershrink.com.

Discussing psychologist perspectives and their use Essay Example for Free

Discussing psychologist aspects and their use moveCognitive- This approach is portrayed by two theorists Jean Piaget and George Kelly. This survey refers to age-related changes in knowledge and acts of knowing positivistic consciousness. Research shows that this approach is the best treatment practised for almost every single disorder, another optimistic point to this perspective is that its really quick with lasting changes it in addition facilitates slew become more confident(p) and boost people with learning difficulties self-esteem. Its also very easy and works for a majority of people. The negatives to this perspective are that it can be seen as non-person centred, its not effective for lower functioning clients, and some clinicians whole step that it doesnt address other issues. This can be used in health and social care through helping individuals who misread situations, as this approach mainly helps people with learning difficulties so it can help certain indi viduals come to terms with some irrational thoughts they may have. Biological- This perspective is round the view of temper that focuses on the way behaviour and personality are influenced by neuro-anatomy, biochemistry, genetics or evolution.This perspective also helps people understand how and why we have a certain diseases. The positives to this approach the more we know about the brain, the more we should be able to explain how we operate and to understand what makes us tick. Also the main military posture to the biological approach is that chemotherapy, ECT and psychosurgery can be used to treat the symptoms of abnormal behaviour directly and in a very short time. The negatives to this approach are the risk of side effects- e. g. in grammatical case of chemotherapy there is the risk that patients may become psychologically and physically dependent on the drugs involved.Symptoms often pass when the treatment stops, so many patients have to be re-admitted to hospital. It als o raises serious ethical issues. Other things people look upon as negative is the fact that its hard to determine the extent to which genetic inheritance influences behaviour. This perspective can be used in health and social care through the use of developmental norms, this means making sure that a young child is developing properly, so that their behaviour and understanding matches that if their chronological age.

A Reaction on Aliens’ Ownership Right of Real Property in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

A Reaction on Aliens Ownership Right of Real Property in the Filipinos EssayA Reaction on Aliens Ownership Right of Real Property in the PhilippinesAng Pilipinas ay conservation of parity sa mga Pilipino. (The Philippines is for the Filipinos)Does it sound patriotic or nationalistic? Or does it pertain to selfish motives or mercenary actions?It is a fact that many aliens have been invading to the Philippines. Yes, they ar aliens the non-Philippine nationals or foreigners. Most of them are fascinated and attracted to the scenic sceneries around the Philippine archipelago. Others also pursue their business careers in the country, they are the investors, and the business oriented throng who wish to put up their capitals and trade whether in a form of sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation. The aliens are granted the right to acquire a land or real property (immovable property) provided that they allow consider the provisions under the Philippine Anti-Dummy Law the limi tations on certain economic activity including the merriment of rights. In line with the Condominium Act of the Philippines, Republic Act 4726, the aliens are given the right to all own a condominium unit but when it comes to project, the corporation must be composed of simply 40%foreign investors. On the other hand, under the Investors Lease Act of the Philippines, foreign nationals or corporation may enter into lease agreement with Filipino landowners for an initial period of fifty long time and a renewable extension of 25 years.As we try to comprehend to the police, it is really pro-Filipino. We noticed that the in that location are only 40% foreign investors or the stockholders and the 60% come from Filipinos. Its also intelligible that the aliens are prohibited to completely possess lands which are really in accordance to Article XII, dent 7 of the Philippine Constitution.Talking about the 40% foreign capitalists and investors, the Philippinegovernment can seduce taxes from them which in turn can be used to accommodate common good for the Filipinos.The issue on Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) or prominently called pork barrel barges in. That huge inwardness of money came from the taxpayers, both the Philippine nationals and non-Philippine nationals. But due to institutionalized corruption, the money which is intended for the people in the society are being stole by some of the national officials. This is another dilemma that the Philippine government should take into consideration and action.Back to the issue on aliens, the mediocre are skeptical whether the foreigners are given the right to fully own resources in the country or not. This is to clarify that they are not given the full authority they are just given the opportunity to get into the business earthly concern which in turn both the aliens the Filipinos can gain something. It does not mean that though they have been travel to the country, they steal whats ours. There are l aws for them to follow, thus, theres no way for us to worry.The law has been already promulgated. All we can do is to deal with it, just no racial deviation, just focalisation for the common good of all Filipinos.The aliens are striving for their benefits, the same way should we act for ourselves. Lets do our part and adhere to our virtues as we keep burning the Filipino spirit

Equity & Expectancy Theory of Motivation Essay Example for Free

Equity Expectancy Theory of pauperization EssayMotivation Explain Adams equity theory Adams equity theory is a motivational model that attempts to explain the affinity between what an employee erects into their job (input), what they get out of it ( fruit) and the ordinaryness and justice exchanged between the two (Cosier Dalton, 1983). Inputs acknowledge all factors that are sensed as necessary to obtain a lapse, such as thrust, loyalty, fleshy civilise, commitment, skill, ability, flexibility, tolerance, determination, heart and soul, enthusiasm, trust in the employer and personal sacrifice. Whilst outputs include all factors that are seen as a return of the job such as financial rewards, perks, social occasionfulnesss, pension arrangements, recognition, reputation, praise, interest, responsibility, travel, training, development, sense of achievement and promotion (Cosier Dalton, 1983). A uninfected and equit fitted balance of the two are ground on the employ ees accept perception, thoughts and beliefs and are formed through comparing the employees own situation with other employees in the market place along with opinions and comparisons from colleagues, friends and partners (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). supreme software product has been able to provide an equitable balance between the inputs and outputs of their employees through implementing some of the key principles of equity theory.For type they are providing a strong leadership role model through Scott Scherr-the CEO, they are being thoughtful to their employees perception of fairness and more of the essence(predicate)ly they are involving their employees in the decision do and policy process. In return this has promoted cooperation and team work within the go with (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). More specifically eventual(prenominal) packet coat of being attentive and involving their employees was demonstrated when their employee suggested that they offer paid adoption leave to their employee and they consequently implemented the benefit (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). This particular employee was about to adopt herself so she perceived that the output of adoption leave was a fair and equitable reward for her inputs of social movement, loyalty, commitment, skill, ability and work (Cosier Dalton, 1983). Thus by listening and implementing her suggestion Ultimate parcel met her sense of fairness. In addition they also conveyed to her a sense ofinvolvement with the decision and policy making process.Consequently the employee regarded Ultimate computer software as a fair, observant and appreciativeemployer. So much so that she has remained with the company for four years and has since used the adoption leave again. Conversely the company could have elect non to listen to this particular employees suggestion. As a result Ultimate computer software would not have implemented adoption leave and the employee would have felt that her inputs of effort, loyalty, com mitment, skill, ability and work were out-weighed by her sure outputs. This would have been dismantle more apparent if another company in the industry offered such a leave for adopting children. Consequently the employee would have felt underappreciated and would have become de god. This would have resulted in the employee reducing their effort and application, and even seeking an alternative job, perhaps one where adoption leave was available (Cosier Dalton, 1983).Another font of the principles of equity theory at work in Ultimate Software is the use of benefit schemes to motivate employees. These schemes endeavour to provide employees with working conditions and policies that give additional rewards above and beyond the basic requirements to meet the perceived outputs of different man-to-mans (Katzell Thompson, 1990). For example an employee who perceived program line as a fair and equitable output to their inputs is able to benefit from the companys annual tuition reimburs ement. Whilst an employee who perceives providing health cover for themselves and their family as an equitable output for their input will acquire a sense of fairness and organisational justice through the use of Ultimate Softwares fully paid health premium scheme.These, along with the other schemes mentioned, cater for the differing perceptions, set and sensitivities amongst the company employees. This variation exists because what one employee sees as an adequate reward for their input may not even register with another employee (Blakely et al, 2005). We all have differing sensitivity and to achieve organisational justice and fairness between the inputs and outputs of individual employees the company needs to comprehend what makes their employees tick to enable them to perform their role (Wilson, 2005).Basically Ultimate Software has applied the principles of equity theory to motivate their employees. The company has provided outputs which meets their employees perception of fair ness against what they input into the company (Katzell Thompson, 1990). This balance between input and output has notonly been achieved individually besides also with in the work place and the industry. Consequently Ultimate Software has raised the train of employee satisfaction and performance.Explain Vrooms Expectancy Theory Vrooms Expectancy Theory is another motivational model but slightly more complex in its application. The model uses the three variables expectancy, instrumentality and valance to explain how an employee is do to behave in ways that will produce a desired combination of expected outcomes (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). The archetypical variable, expectancy is the belief that an ones effort will result in the attainment of desired performance goals and is based upon the employees past experiences, self-confidence and the perceived difficulty of the goal. The second variable, instrumentality is the belief that one will adjoin a reward if the performance expectat ion is met and is connected to the employees levels of trust in leadership, control over rewards and the companys formalised policy. The final variable, valence is the value that one places on the rewards and is based upon an employees needs, goals, determine and sources of motivation (Lee, 2007).It is Vrooms belief that these three variables interact psychologically to create a motivational force that will cause employee to acts in ways that will bring pleasure and avoid hassle (Pearson Hui, 2001). An example of Ultimate Software using the principle of expectancy theory to motivate their employees is through the use of their education benefit. For this to be a motivational force the three variables of expectancy, instrumentality and valance must be perceived by the employee to be met (Pearson Hui, 2001). That is to fulfil expectancy an employee will need to believe that their extra effort and time put into debateing a degree, or similar educational course, will result in them completing the program. To fulfil instrumentality the employee must believe thatonce completed they will be rewarded with all a higher pay and or a promotion within the company. And finally to fulfil the third variable valance, the employee will need to value that the pay rise and/or promotion are important becoming to apply extra effort and time. Basically they will need to desire the outcome enough so that they will achieve it (Pearson Hui, 2001).Jose Chinea of Ultimate Software was able fulfil the three variables of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. firstly Jose believed that the master keys degree in management and information systems was achievable. Secondly he believed that the extra effort put into studying a masters degree would lead to the reward of obtaining a promotion with Ultimate Software. And finally because he personally understood and valued education as an opportunity to grow he therefore believed that the efforts he put in, along with the rewards obtai ned from Ultimate Software, would be worth it. Conversely, if Jose was not able to fulfil any one of the three variables then there would be no motivational force for him to study and therefore use the educational benefit. This would happen only if he believed that he was unable to complete the masters degree, the company was not offering a suitable reward and he perceived education and the rewards of education to be of no value. Consequently, the internal attributes of the employee which incorporate their attitude and value systems are an extensive classical of motivational force in the expectancy theory model (Pearson Hui, 2001).Another example of Ultimate Software using the principles of expectancy theory is the CEOs, Scott Scherrs leadership role (Isaac et al, 2001). Scherr adopted the principles to equip himself with tools to exercise the psychological process resident in his employees. He implemented rewards systems that are uncommon. These rewards include matching 30% of e mployee retirement check contributions and also stock options and both are applied in an appropriate fashion to buck or influence his employees. This strategy enhances the level of personal motivation of his employees as they wish to maximize their own self interests. For example an employee who wishes to boost their retirement savings would opt for the reward scheme of matching superannuation contributions. Whilst an employee who wishes to boost their immediate wealth, or even just considers investing to be of value, would opt for stock options.In applying a strong leadership style Scherr has created an environment within his company that inspires his employees to achieve a level of performance that meets the company expectations, and even perhaps exceed the employees own personal expectations. This has been achieved through Scherr consciously choosing a leadership strategy that pulls rather than pushes(Isaac et al, 2001). The positive implications of using a motivational model s uch as expectancy theory include reduced employee turnover, improved morale and higher productivity (Pearson Hui, 2001). For Ultimate Software this has resulted in the company obtaining the title of best medium company to work for in America.

Analyse the considerations that regulate when an athlete returns to play after an injury Essay Example for Free

Analyse the considerations that regulate when an jock retrieves to play laterward an injury EssayThe considerations that regulate when an jock is able to transcend to play after an injury includes indicators or readiness to return to play, monitoring progress, psychological readiness, item warm up procedures, return to play policies and procedures as well as ethical considerations. It is imperative that an athletes injury has recovered, their physical fittingness and skills ar close to pre-injury levels and also that their confidence in their injury is 100%.Training disquiet desolate and having full mobility return to the injured site are clear indicators of readiness for return to play. In sight to measure an athletes readiness after locomote from an injury they must go through with(predicate) various physical tests to test their fitness and basic skills needed to perform in their sport. For example, a netballer returning from an injured ankle would be tested on her agility through drills including side stepping and dogging. Her match fitness could be tested in a practice game situation at training provided she is pain free and has complete mobility.Monitoring progress through both pre-tests and post-tests is essential to an athletes recovery in auberge to determine if they have or have not gained the necessary fitness and skills after injury. Ongoing tests, discussions amid athlete and physio, visual observations of the athlete and video footage are all means which may be utilize to appropriately measure the athletes progress. Thus, appropriate pre and post tests can significantly help trainers to guess and develop particular training programs that will help to athlete return to play quicker after an injury. E.g A swimmer could monitor their progress of an injured arm by measuring the range of driveway pre and post training.An athletes psychological can be effectively measured by discussions betwixt the athlete, coach and sports psy chologist, visual observations and anxiety levels. An athlete returning to sport before theyre psychologically prepare can lead to fear, anxiety, re-injury, depression and a decrease in performance. For example, a 100m sprinter who tore his hamstring from saltation out of the blocks may find it psychologically tough to reach their maximum force produced pre-injury.An injured athlete may need to go through a more specific warm up and reach routine in order to achieve maximum recovery and minimise the chance or re-injury. Thus, surplus care and time at the injured site is crucial to ensuring that adequate blood flow, increased tractableness and readiness to perform occur. E.g A soccer player may need to do their own specific warm up program set by their physio separate to the team.Return to play policies and procedures vary with sports, as they may be determined by overall governing bodies or by individual blank clubs. However, coaches, sports administrators and sports medicine practitioners play a brisk role in establishing guidelines for when an injured athlete can return or wether they can play with the injury. For example, a water polo player may need to get their pectoralis injury cleared by their team physio in order play.Ethical considerations play a vital role in determining when an athlete returns to play. Athletes ask themselves, When is the right time to play? Unfortunately, there are internal and external pressures such as temptation, fear of losing their position on the team, pressure from sponsors and media as well as boredom, sometimes luring them into returning to play before theyre ready. Thus, this could easily lead to an athlete apply painkillers or similar drugs from rapid advances in drug technology, in order to continue playing.

Recruitment and selection Essay Example for Free

Recruitment and selection EssayVa screwcies for personal credit lines exist in business concernes for ane of the causal agencys below A new think over becomes available because of the amplification of the organisation. When the economy is growing and people are becoming better off organisations take advantage of that and strain their operations. To do this they whitethorn take on extra employees. This is more(prenominal) likely to create new problems, preferring instead to use separate methods listed below under alternatives to filling a va cornerstonecy. soul in the organisation has retired soul has been dis duded Internal packagings swallow occurred- the vacancy arises because the previous holder has been given a better business sector either in the same business or establishment. This is dealt with below under filling the vacancy- infixed candidates. Someone has died- Some employees may die during their utilizationing lives. in that pickle is a restructur ing of the business, which means in that respect are gaps to be filled in the organisation Someone has left because they eat found a better one or dont like there crinkle.Alternatives to filling a vacancyHuman resources management departments are under constant pressure to justify the filling of a vacancy because it give save the organisation coin if they do not. There are some(prenominal) alternatives to filling a vacancy, all with benefits and all with disadvantages too over eon by the remaining employees restructuring of the work employing part-time staff more use of machinery/technologyAt this scathing stage it is definitive that the human resources manager looks critically at the transaction description and person condition for this vacancy. From these documents (examined later in this chapter) it allow for be possible to assess how far it is practical to rely on these options instead of the filling the vacancy.Read moreRecruitment and Selection StrategiesFinding a pplicatorsIf the human resources manager, after thoughtfulness of alternatives examined above, decides that the vacancy will bring filling, then the next stage will be where to look for candidates. There are only two sources of candidate- internal and external.Internal candidatesUnless a vacancy is for the lowest grade seam possible, there will be internal candidates who are interested in the vacancy for promotion.Internal promotion is an important method of motivating employees and is identified by several writers as a feature of a scoop out practise employer (i.e. a good employer who tries to do all(prenominal)thing properly).Advantages to the employer of internal appointments An organisation with a re baffleation for internal advancement will find it easier to motivate staff, whereas in organisations where internal advancement is rare, staff will be less committed to the work and may be preoccupied with external commercial enterprise applications. The organisation will attr act better candidates if they see there is a future career in it. Many candidates will be local people who gravel bought homes there, have children at local schools and husbands/wives in other local parentages. Internal candidates know the business and what will be judge of them, and they can become effective in the new line very quickly. Although there is bound to be bitterness from other internal applications who do not get the occupancy, they will at least feel that there will be other career opportunities in the organisations and that they will get promotion later on. The organisation will not need to rely upon external references when choosing from internal applicants accurate in practiceation will be available from departmental heads and other colleague.Disadvantages to the employer of internal appointments The candidates doing well role conflict in that they are now senior to people with who they worked with as equals- there may be a problem for them in asserting thei r power. A person promoted internally may be expected to pick up the new line of reasoning in an unreasonably scant(p) space of time. Filling a vacancy internally leaves another vacancy to fill note as well as that where an employer is practising equal opportunity policies they cannot favour internal when filling vacancies.External candidatesJob definitionA job description lists the main tasks mandatory in a job. More and more organisations have job descriptions for every job they have- from the caretaker to the managing director.In drawing up a job description the personal department has a number of alternatives. These are The line manager can draw up a description of what the job entails The existing job holder can do it The human resources manager can reference the job holder and the line manager to find out what the job involves.In nearly cases it is probably best to combine approaches.Clearly the second approach may produce a biased view of what the job involves. After all, nigh people are likely to exaggerate the importance of what they do and the effort that is required to do it. Moreover, the job holder may emphasise those duties they prefer to do rather that their most important duties. Also, since they are leaving they may not bother to do a very thorough job of it anyway.On the other hand, in approach to my first point- the line manager will probably miss out many little but important tasks which are only obvious to the job holder.The father of the exercise is to itemise all the tasks involved in a job and try to allocate to equilibrium of the working week to each task. The list of tasks, and the relative importance of each one, is vitally important for several reasons In carrying out appraisals of employees- a manager cannot appraise his employees if he/she does not know what the job involves When analysing the job for training needs the manager must be able to see what tasks a job involves so that he/she can determine what training may be required. In planning the size of the manpower for the future, it will be necessary to know on the dot what tasks each job involves in case the re-allocation of tasks in the midst of jobs is required, e.g. three people may be required to share the work of a forth built in bed which is being made redundant- this cannot be done fairly without a elaborate knowledge of the tasks involved in the forth post. For pay determination- analysis of, and comparisons between, job descriptions means that each job can then be allocated a pay rate. This process is known as job evaluation. A simple example is where clerical jobs which include the province for handling money get a extravagantlyer ranking, and therefore higher pay, than clerical jobs which do not.Clearly, none of this is possible without good quality and detailed job descriptions.Drafting the Job DescriptionFrom all the information collected, by whichever method is chosen, it will then be necessary to draw up the document itse lf. People that apply for jobs will be sent a job description on with an application form and a personal specification.Main features of a job description-1. The job title2. The location of the job3. A brief outline of what the employing organisation does4. The main purpose of the job5. A detailed list of the main tasks required6. The standards that the job holder will be required in the job7. Pay other benefits8. Promotion prospects9. The person to whom the job holder reports10. The person(s) who report(s) to the job holder.This days employees are expected to be more flexible and to be able to do a wider range of work. This shows that point 1 tends to be broader than it used to be.Advertising the JobBefore report the advertisement the employer must determine exactly what is wanted from the job being advertised. To ensure this the employer must look carefully at the person specification, what graphic symbol of person is required, job description, what the person will be required t o do in the job, before writing the advert.IkeaPart-time Human Resources Administrator 26 hours per weekTo maximise your HR initiatives to strengthen our vision, business belief and HR idea to make IKEA the best retailer to work for in the UK market.You will provide disposal support to the small HR team including preparing contracts, logging and following up job applications and taking responsibility for monitoring the sick procedure.You will be able to work on your own initiative with high accuracy and attention to detail. You will be com barfer literate including using MS Word and pass by plus experience of using databases. You will have the readiness to demonstrate a high score of confidentiality and have excellent interpersonal skills.You will ensure that HR filing systems are maintained and up to date. You will contribute to the development of the HR function in the store.Hours will be 26-30 hours per week, 5/7 daysletter of application, CVs and referencesOnce Ikea has att racted a number of candidates, the next stage will be to cast down all the candidates to a smaller enough group so they can all be one at a time invited for an interview. For most jobs e.g. cashier there are many applicants and a simple quick process is needed to sort them out. Some jobs are more complicated, these would be jobs like a manager position where there would be few candidates who will be taken seriously which means Ikea can spent more time on investigating them.The three main documents assessed in this sorting process are Letter of application Curriculum Vitae (CV) Application formAll Business require at least on of these documents when recruiting more staff.CVSome people unfortunately to not take time and care on their CV. These people do it in an unprofessional and untidy way which will not impress a possible employer. These CVs are normally badly typed or fifty-fifty hand written.If you arent that confident that you could write and put together your own CV then the se days there are plenty specialists agencies that can jell CVs for people in a professional way of life. CVs should always be written in a boy processing document and printed neatly.In your CV you put everything that would normally be asked for in an application form this includes- Name and Address Telephone number E-mail address Date of Birth Martial lieu Education and qualifications Training Employment history Hobbies and interests ReferencesWhen listing employment in chronological order, start with the most recent job, this same rule applies to education and employment.Letter of ApplicationThis is just a letter that could be written or word-processed enquire for the job and explaining why the writer is suitable for it. The letter will be structured in any way the writer thinks is appropriate to the job, this fact alone makes it a effective selection method.AdvantagesThe personnel staff will have identified specific requirements from the job and person specifications. They can then compare these with information on the forms. The business only needs to interview those people who have met those qualifications the business is asking for.ReferencesThere are several different types of references. These are Testimonial a letter, usually from a former employer or teacher which will say very coercive and kind things round the applicant. As the applicant has been given this letter it is unlikely that the writer will make anything other than positive helpful statements (clearly, if the writer did say something critical the applicant would tear the testimonial up and look around for someone else to write one) Reference earn requested the prospective employer- this is the most usual type of reference. The letter are confidential so that the referee can be completely honest without embarrassment, but it may not tell the prospective employer all he/she know. Employers can learn to read between the lines, and much omission of information can be a telling facto r. Reference forms some organisation, the civil portion for example, use a structured form with specific questions about the applicant. These include assessments on effort, ability, and about their frankness and health Telephone references some organisations telephone the people given as references. The main benefit is that the recruiter can asses the tone of the voice of the referee, and this can often say far more about an applicant than a letter can. Medical reference most employers will carry out some kind of medical check up even if it is just a completion of a medical form asking a few simple questions. These checks are necessary because-* The employer needs to safeguard the health of other employers* The job itself may require specific health standards* If an employer is to join a company pension scheme a medical check- up will be needed* Medical matters of growing importance- notably the problem of AIDS- may mean that in the future medical checks will have to be tougher, t his includes blood tests.InterviewInterviewer- The interview is one of the last stages within the recruitment process and one of the most important, often these days the applicant will also get a small test of some kind to go along with the interview. Interviews are arranged for nearly all kinds of jobs. Only a few of the people who applied for the job will get interviewed this is because after the human resources department have sifted through all the CVs, application forms, and references they should have narrowed the list down to a few applicants. The list is narrowed down to save time and money this is because usually the senior manager must be present at an interview, this means if he has less interviews to do he has more time for other things.Interviewing- interviewing has to be conducted in an appropriate manner for the business if it is not the business may get a bad name from it. To prevent this most businesses follow these simple rules- The interviewer must ask what are my objectives? What im a looking for? How will I say the question I am going to ask? The interviewer must be able to fill in the gaps that the CV and application form didnt answer. Decide if the vacancy requires just one interviewer or two. It could even have a panel of up to 4-5 interviewers. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach.1. One on one interviews put applicants at ease so that they will talk more naturally the problems are that A star interviewer lacks range A single interviewer is more likely to suffer from bias and can be super prejudiced. Mirror imaging favouring candidates who are like them. Halo effects favouring candidates who have particular attractive characteristics even if those characteristics have little bearing on the job applied for. Horns effect opposite to above.TestsNowadays it is increasingly common for employers to expect job applicants to carry out tests this is to give a fuller picture of their ability for the job applied for. These a re usually referred to as aptitude tests. They are appropriate for manual work where there is some skill involved and also in office work where applicants might be required to take short typing or word processing test. For professional posts such as tests are less usual because it is felt that the candidates qualifications, references and experience are sufficient evidence. In more recent years new developments in testing have included.Psychometric TestingPsychometric tests assess the intelligence and personality of applicants. They are much more sophisticated than aptitude tests and the employer must have properly trained staff to analyse the test results properly. Such tests are particular valuable when assessing intelligence, interest in the job applied for, motivation and personality. The producers of such tests (there are dozens available)Verbal reasoningThis test is to see how you reason with words.ContactThe contact side of the recruitment process is the simplest of all the areas of function. The business uses methods such as telephone, e-mail, and letters to contact any applicants who may have applied for the job. The human resources department maintains this to make sure the business ensures these methods are kept in place.

Compare the two nineteenth century horror stories Essay Example for Free

Compare the two nineteenth century horror stories evidenceCompare the two nineteenth century horror stories, The moody Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, present how Poe uses a range of techniques to move in his stories dramatic and impressive.The Black Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart are two of the early horror stories ever written they were written in the 1840s by the American author Edgar Allan Poe. Poe was born in Boston Massachusetts in 1809. He tragically died in 1849 fol kickoffing a career of inebriant and drugs.The Black Cat tells us about a man who is in a condemned cell. He is on death row and reflecting on his life and the reason behind the situation he is in. He tells the ratifier about his love for animals and how he married early in life. His wife allowed him to buy a colored cat who never left his masters side. However, the narrator tells how he became an alcoholic and started to mistreat his wife and pets. On returning home unmatched night he seized the cat and in fright the cat had bitten him. This make him angry and at that emplacementfore he cut out one of the cats eyes. A few days subsequently he took the cat, slipped a noose around its neck and hung it from a limb of a tree. That night the wingowship burnt d consume and engraved on the wall was the figure of a cat.Later on in the stage the narrator tells us of how he anchor a cat that closely resembled the one he had killed. The cat would never leave his side which started to make him hate the creature. He was walking down the go of the cellar one day with his wife when the cat followed and sent him headlong down the steps. In vehemence he picked up an axe and aimed a blow at the cat. His wife tried to stop him so he buried the axe into her brain. He buried the body in the wall of the cellar. The constabulary found the body as the man compose cocky and tapped on the wall where he had buried his wife, there was a wailing practiced and the police uncove red the body with the cat on the corpses head.The Tell-Tale Heart tells us about a man who has been accused of being disgusted. He looked after an darkened man who had a vulture eye. His eye was a pale blue and had a film over it. Whenever the eye fell upon the narrator, it softheadede his blood run c grey. Therefore he decided to kill the old man. In the calendar week before he killed him the narrator tells us about how he crept into the old mans bedroom every night at midnight, trying to find the right moment to kill him. On the eighth night the old man became aware that mostone was in his room. The narrator says how he could hear the mans heart beating in his chest and was frightened that the neighbours would hear it.He ran into the room seized the man out of his bed and pulled the bed on top of him. He then took the planks from the flooring of the bedroom and placed the body there. Once he had replaced the floorboards the police arrived saying that a neighbour had heard a s hriek and they wished to search the property. He led them towards the old mans bedroom and placed some chairs out for them on the exact spot of the body. He began to make common chat with the officers but could hear the heart of the old man beating louder and louder until it drew the narrator mad and he confessed to the murder.Both stories postulate typical features of a modern horror story blood, murder, the murders conscience and transcendental aspects. However, the structure of the stories differ. The Black Cat is a longer story and is to a greater extent detailed. It includes more background description.I was especially fond of animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of pets.This quotation shows that The Black Cat tells us about the background of the narrator since he was a young boy.The Tell-Tale Heart is more concise and includes some very detailed sections but less background.Presently, I heart a slight moan, and I knew it was the groan of mortal b ane. It was not a groan of pain or of grief Oh no It was a low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe.This quote shows that The Tell-Tale Heart has some very detailed sections as the narrator goes into depth about the noise that the old man made.The two narrators have various things in common they both tell the story in first person and use eyes as an important feature in the story. In the arising paragraph both narrators also say that they have been accused of madness but deny the accusation.Mad indeed would I be to expect it, In a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not.This quote from The Black Cat supports my point that the narrator has been accused of being mad but denies it.But why allow for you say that I am mad?This quote from The Tell-Tale Heart also supports my point as it is from the opening paragraph of the story and the narrator is asking why he is being accused of being mad.The pregnant differe nces between the two narrators are The Black Cat gives a more in-depth background about his life before the present day whereas The Tell-Tale Heart goes straight into the present. The Black Cat is also set in different rooms of the house and other areas where as The Tell-Tale Heart is set in just one room. The relationship between the readier is also different. The Black Cat is wrote as if the narrator is writing a letter whereas The Tell-Tale Heart is wrote as if the narrator is actually speaking to the indorser.For the most wild, yet most homely story which I am about to pen.These lecture suggest to me that The Black Cat tells the story as if he is writing a letter.How then am I mad?This rhetorical question shows that the narrator tells the story as if he is actually talking to the lector.The two narrators in the story get caught as they become too over confident about the hiding place of their victims. They both lead the police to the place that the bodies are buried. Sound i s also a major part in the reason for the two narrators acquiring caught.Poe uses a range of visual and sound techniques to make the stories dramatic and effectible. In both stories sound plays a major part in the narrators getting caught.Then quickly swelling into one long, loud and perpetual scream, utterly anomalous and inhuman.This quote from The Black Cat suggests to me that the points I have made are correct. The sound makes the story more dramatic and suspicious. It also leads the police to the corpse.But the beating of the heart grew louder, LOUDER I theme the heart must burst.This quote also suggests to me that the beating of the heart made the murderer go mad and confess. It also adds an eerie effect to the story.Poe also uses visual description in the stories.The corpse, already greatly decompose and clotted with gore, stood erect before the eyes of the spectators. Upon its head, with red extended mouth and solitary eyes of inflameThis phrase of writing from The Black Cat goes into great visual detail about the corpse which makes it a lot easier to picture the story in your head. The amount of description sets the scene very effectively and makes the reader feel like there telling the story from their own personal experience. The use of evil words such as greatly decayed and clotted with gore also emphasise the fear and terror of the story.Poe uses a range of imagery in the stories including alliteration, similes, metaphors, onomatopoeias, and rhetorical questions. These all make the stories dramatic and keep the reader interested.In The Tell-Tale Heart Edgar Allan Poe uses a lot of onomatopoeia and metaphors.my blood ran coldThis quote proves the point that Poe uses metaphors in this story. wish the thread of a spider This also proves that Poe uses Similes in this story. Both of these enhance the story as they make it more dramatic and effective.In The Black Cat Edgar Allan Poe uses a lot of alliteration, metaphors and personification.My tender ness of heartThis quote is particularly important as later on in the story the narrators heart is the complete confrontation from tender.Grew with my growth This quote from the story shows alliteration.By using both of these quotes the writer is making the story more effective as he is making it more interesting to read. He is also encourage exposition from the reader and helping them to feel the emotion of the characters.Poe also uses language devices to make the stories dramatic and effective. These include rhythm, repetition, and rhetorical questions.In The Tell-Tale Heart. Edgar Allan Poe uses a large amount of rhetorical questions.How then am I mad?This is effective in the story as it involves the reader. It does so by encouraging the reader to reflect upon the question and therefore get involved more with the story.Poe also uses repetition.He had found all in vain. All in vain because Death, in approaching him.The repetitive phrase all in vain, tells us of the narrators joy at the old mans terror. He also uses a capital D in death. This infers he is using death as a name, suggesting that the old man is death.In The Black Cat Poe uses plenty of rhythm and repetition. strike terrified Have tortured Have destroyed me.In this quote Edgar Allan Poe has repeated the word have. He has used a rhythm by pausing at the end of each word and the dashes indicate an color of emotions. He has also used evil words such a terrified and tortured which once again emphasise the fear and terror of the story. This makes the story more dramatic.In both stories Poe also uses capital letter to emphasise words this gives an immediate dramatic impact.In conclusion, Poe uses a range of techniques to make his stories dramatic and effective, some of these are still used by horror writers today. Although The Black Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart are corresponding in numerous ways, Poe uses different techniques in each one to make the stories effective in their own particular way.